Ecological disasters such as floods, wildfires, and rising sea levels are increasingly affecting countries worldwide, causing large-scale damage to infrastructure, livelihoods, and national economies. These disasters often result in sudden economic shocks, sharp declines in productivity, fiscal instability, and long-term development setbacks, particularly in developing and disaster-prone states that possess limited financial and institutional capacity to respond
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a global financial institution responsible for maintaining international monetary stability, providing financial assistance, and supporting economic recovery for countries facing balance-of-payments and financial crises. Traditionally, IMF lending involves interest rates and policy conditionalities designed to ensure fiscal discipline and macroeconomic stability